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 aka PeaceHavens Project

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Russian Hemp Bale Seals from

Falkirk Museum 

 FALKIRK MUSEUM & DISTRICT.  Falkirk had no Linen industry as such but the local museum collected many seals from small mills in the surrounding district.    Records of flax mills are sparse. In the 1840s the Paper Mill was managed by Alexander Kerr, who is said to have "used it as a lint or linen mill and rented land from farmers to grow the flax he required." It is shown on the 1st ed OS as the Kirkwood Bleachfield, but by this time it was disused. Later it changed to Headswood Mill, and eventually to the Denny Paper Works.  Garth Mill is located to the south of Garth on the Castlerankine Burn and began life as a flax mill and is shown on an estate plan of 1793. In 1841 we are told "About a mile from Denny, there was once a lint-mill driven by its waters. The reference to Linn mills in the district is misleading as the name derives from a waterfall (Linn) on a stream near the buildings and not from processing lint. Threaprig Flax Mill was a water mill on the south side of Garbethill Burn.
  With other industries there is some word of the Dsrien Company contracting for Falkirk smith and cutlery work as early as 1695, but there was no really important industry in the district until 1760, when an Englishman, Dr Roebuck, founded Scotland's first iron foundry of any consequence in Scotland at Carron to the north of the town. In doing so he set Falkirk on its career as a centre of the light castings iron trade, Falkirk Foundry starting up in 1819, followed by Abbot's and about a dozen others considerably later. Tanneries came next, a distillery, timber yards, chemical works - Ross's works at Lime Road were started in 1845 - and Falkirk gradually changed from an agricultural market town to a busy centre of industry. Not without influence in the development of the town was the construction of the Forth and Clyde Canal. This canal - first envisaged by Daniel Defoe, author of "Robinson Crusoe", and first surveyed by the famous engineer, Smeaton, 1763 - was not completed until 1790. In view of the importance of its opening, the town of Grangemouth was founded by Sir Lawrence Dundas in 1777. The Union Canal, linking the Forth and Clyde Canal with Edinburgh, did not come through until 1822. It is interesting to note that a few years later the Rapid, the first of the swift boats to Glasgow, was built at Tophill at the west end of Falkirk, whilst the engine of one of the earliest paddle steamers was built at Carron as far back as 1789. The Edinburgh and Glasgow railway had tunnelled through to Falkirk High Station by 1840, and the pattern of the town's communications was set for a considerable period.

   Records of flax mills are sparse. In the 1840s the Paper Mill was managed by Alexander Kerr, who is said to have "used it as a lint or linen mill and rented land from farmers to grow the flax he required." It is shown on the 1st ed OS as the Kirkwood Bleachfield, but by this time it was disused. Later it changed to Headswood Mill, and eventually to the Denny Paper Works.  Garth Mill is located to the south of Garth on the Castlerankine Burn and began life as a flax mill and is shown on an estate plan of 1793. In 1841 we are told "About a mile from Denny, there was once a lint-mill driven by its waters. The reference to Linn mills in the district is misleading as the name derives from a waterfall (Linn) on a stream near the buildings and not from processing lint.

 

 

  Falkirk Museum  FALKM- Scotland

 (22 seals found to date with 18 seals awaiting photographs as of 12th May 2020)

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Notes

 

FAL
01

blank
Russian State Riga
Customs Seal

    PIЖAПOPTA

Riga Port 1787
Ю   T     (key)

Falkirk

1 FALKM:

1985.74.4
IDS 700

 

 Inspectors and Posts

   for Falkirk

 

   Blue is Flax -- Green is Hemp

 

 Aref'ev.N     1830  88

 Bashchenkov.K 1790  84

 Budnikov.E    ----   1

 Cheblokov     183?  86

 Chugadaev     1782 331

 Kaltushkin.P  184?   3

 Kaltushkin.P  1833   3

 Kaltushkin.P  1832  37

 Morozov       1840 184

 Novotortsov   ----   1

 Sarynin.E     1776  15

 Ulanov        ----  --

 Ulanov.A      ----  --

 Vl?kov.B      1836   2

 Volkov        1838  -7

 Zakharov.N    1791   4

 

    Posts / Inspectors / #

   for Malton and Norton

 

  -- Ulanov        FAL05

  -- A.Ulanov      FAL05

   1 E.Budnikov    FAL17

   1 Novotortsov   FAL17

   2 B.Vl?kov      FAL10

   3 P.Kaltushkin  FAL09

   4 N.Zakharov    FAL03

   9 P.Kaltushkin  FAL08

  15 E.Sarynin     FAL05

  37 P.Kaltushkin  FAL11

  84 K.Bashchenkov FAL06

  86   Cheblokov   FAL12

  88 N.Aref'ev     FAL07

 184   Morozov     FAL16

 331   Chugadaev   FAL20

  -7   Volkov      FAL22

 

 

Terms and Abbreviations

    (applicable only to this site)

 

  6H, 12H number of heads

  in a bale. (also 9, 12).

 

  AK, СZ, Д.Х., FK, FW, IH,

  IK, LH, MS, are Grower,

  Owner or Agent initials

 

 

  Д= D= Desyatnik

 (Customs Officers)

 

  H = N = number.

  H2 is number 2 post.

 

  NP means tax was paid on a

  flax bale to the Customs in

  Narva, (it does not mean it

  was shipped from Narva Port.

 

  NP._3 is number 3 grade

 

  ЛД = PD = L'nyanoy Dosmotr

   = Flax Inspector

 

  ПД = PD = Penkovy Dosmotr

  = Hemp Inspector

 

  RH .. Rein (Rhine) Hemp is the

  longest best hemp, oily, strong,

 free of Codilla & woody parts,

 

 

  SPB dated before 1829 means

  tax was paid on a hemp bale to

  the Customs in St Petersburg.

  It does not mean it was shipped

  from St Petersburg.

  SPB dated after 1829 means tax

  was paid on a flax bale to the

  Customs in St Petersburg, again

  it does not mean it was shipped

  from St Petersburg.

 

 

 

FAL
02

no photo

ЛД = LD
Е.САРЫНИН
(E.SARYNIN)
H15

no photo

NP
ICZ12H
1790

15
post
(flax)

Falkirk
2 FALKM:

 1997.13.9

FAL
03

no photo

ЛД = LD
Н.ЗАХАРОВЪ
(N.ZAKHAROV)
Ho4

no photo

NP
IK12H
1791

No4
post
(flax)

Falkirk
3 FALKM: 1997.13.10

FAL
04

no photo

ЛД = LD
Ф.?ЕВ?ДО?
(F.?EV?DO?)
H??

no photo

NP
IH12H
179?

??
post
(flax)

Falkirk
4 FALKM: 1997.13.11

FAL
05

no photo

ПП = PP
А.УЛАHОВЪ
(A.ULANOV)

no photo

Л?П = L?P
УЛАНОВЪ
ULANOV

paired
inspectors

Falkirk
5 FALKM: 1999.4.31

FAL
06

no photo

ЛД = LD
К.БАШЕНКОВЪ (K.BASHCHENKOV)
H84

no photo

NP
IH12H
1790

84
post
(flax)

Falkirk
6 FALKM: 2000.4.10

FAL
07

no photo

ЛД = LD
Н:АРЕФЬЕВЪ
(N.AREF'EV)
H88

no photo

SPB
NP._2
L.H.
1830

88
post
(flax)

Falkirk
7 FALKM: 2002.43.01

FAL
08

no photo

ПИЛПД = (PiLPD)
П.КАЛTУШКИ
(P.KALTUSHKIN)
Ho9

no photo

SPB
FK2H
1833

Ho9
post
(flax)

Falkirk
8 FALKM: 2002.43.02

FAL
09

no photo

ПИЛПД = (PiLPD)
П.КАЛTУШКИ
(P.KALTUSHKIN)
H3

no photo

SPB
FK2H
184?

3
post
(flax)

Falkirk
9 FALKM: 2002.43.03

FAL
10

no photo

ЛД = LD
Б.ВЛ?КОВЪ
(B.VL?KOV)
H2

no photo

СПБ
Но.П3
Д.Х.
1836

2
post
(flax)

Falkirk
10 FALKM: 2002.43.04

FAL
11

no photo

ПИЛПД = (PiLPD)
П.КАЛTУШКИ
(P.KALTUSHKIN)
H37

no photo

SPB
NP._3
F.W
1832

37
post
(flax)

Falkirk
11 FALKM: 2002.43.05

FAL
12

no photo

ЛП = LD
ЧЕБЛОКОВЪ
(CHEBLOKOV)
H86

no photo

SPB
NP._3
M.S
183?

86
post
(flax)

Falkirk
11 FALKM: 2002.43.06

FAL
13

no photo

АП = AP (Archangel Port)
ДЕСЯT (Inspector)
ИЛЬЯ СОБОЛЕВЪ
(IL'YA SOBOLEV)

no photo

АРХ БР
2 СОРТЪ
????

Archangel Brack
2 SORT
1???

Falkirk
13 FALKM: 2002.43.7

FAL
14

no photo

АП = AP (Archangel Port)
ДЕСЯЦК (Tsolnery)
НИ

ЕЛИКО СЕЛСКОИ
(ELIKO SELSKOI)

Falkirk
14 FALKM: 2002.43.8

FAL
15

СТАНЦ.
26 ABГ 1903
TAГAHAШЪ

KONTPOЛ
A 767
K.X.C.Ж.Д

Falkirk

15 FALKM:

2003.3.1

   RR03 Station Taganash .. 26th August 1903 .. .. Control .. A 767 .. Kursk-Kharkov-Sebastopol-Railway

FAL
16

ПД = PD

МОРОЗОВ
(MOROZOV)
H184

SPB
ПEH.1
Д.Х
1840

184

post
(Penka = Hemp)

Falkirk
16 FALKM:

 2003.3.2
IDS 1973

FAL
17

no photo

ПП = PP
НОВОТОРЦОВ
(NOVOTORTSOV)
H1

no photo

ППC = PPS
Е.БУДНИКОВ
(E.BUDNIKOV)
 H1

1
post
(Paired Hemp
Inspectors)

Falkirk
17 FALKM:

 2003.3.3

FAL
18

no photo

+
crossed keys
1

no photo

blank

Riga City

 (flax)

Falkirk
18 FALKM:

 2003.3.4

FAL
19

no photo

+
crossed keys
1

no photo

blank

Riga City

 (flax)

Falkirk
19 FALKM:

 2003.3.5

FAL
20

no photo

ДЛ = DL
ЧУГАДАЕВЪ
(CHUGADAEV)
H331

no photo

NP
AK12H
1782

331
post
(flax)

Falkirk
20 FALKM: 2003.3.58

FAL
21

no photo

ЛП = LD
H.???????
(N.???????)
H6

no photo

NP
N12Ч(H)
1783

6
post
(flax)

Falkirk
21 FALKM: 2003.3.59

FAL
22

no photo

ЛП = LD
ВОЛКОВЪ
(VOLKOV)
H?7

no photo

SPB

NP._?
??Ц
1838

?7
post
(flax)

Falkirk
22 FALKM: 2006.4.20

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The PeaceHavens Project

  About PeaceHavens - This database is an ongoing project involving the daily finding and identification of Russian Lead Flax Bale Seals from the old disused 18th/19th century Flax Mills of the Industrial Revolution in the UK.    For many decades in the 18th & 19th centuries, Russia was by far the world's greatest exporter of these flax stems via Archangel, Konigsberg, Kronstadt, Libnau, Memel, Narva, Pernau, Revel, Riga, St Petersburg, Tilsit, Windau and Great Britain was Russia's major customer. Every bale of flax stems was fastened together with a lead seal by a quality control inspector. After retting the discarded stems of the flax with seals still attached were prized as fertilizer by local farmers and were spread onto the land mixed with night soil manure.

Website design and seal translations by Ged Dodd   Director of The PeaceHavens Project.

 

Copyright 2022 © Ged Dodd

 aka PeaceHavens Project

 Click here for the terms
of free copy & share &
supporting your Project

  FALKIRK MUSEUM & DISTRICT.  Falkirk had no Linen industry as such but the local museum collected many seals from small mills in the surrounding district.    Records of flax mills are sparse. In the 1840s the Paper Mill was managed by Alexander Kerr, who is said to have "used it as a lint or linen mill and rented land from farmers to grow the flax he required." It is shown on the 1st ed OS as the Kirkwood Bleachfield, but by this time it was disused. Later it changed to Headswood Mill, and eventually to the Denny Paper Works.  Garth Mill is located to the south of Garth on the Castlerankine Burn and began life as a flax mill and is shown on an estate plan of 1793. In 1841 we are told "About a mile from Denny, there was once a lint-mill driven by its waters. The reference to Linn mills in the district is misleading as the name derives from a waterfall (Linn) on a stream near the buildings and not from processing lint. Threaprig Flax Mill was a water mill on the south side of Garbethill Burn.
  With other industries there is some word of the Dsrien Company contracting for Falkirk smith and cutlery work as early as 1695, but there was no really important industry in the district until 1760, when an Englishman, Dr Roebuck, founded Scotland's first iron foundry of any consequence in Scotland at Carron to the north of the town. In doing so he set Falkirk on its career as a centre of the light castings iron trade, Falkirk Foundry starting up in 1819, followed by Abbot's and about a dozen others considerably later. Tanneries came next, a distillery, timber yards, chemical works - Ross's works at Lime Road were started in 1845 - and Falkirk gradually changed from an agricultural market town to a busy centre of industry. Not without influence in the development of the town was the construction of the Forth and Clyde Canal. This canal - first envisaged by Daniel Defoe, author of "Robinson Crusoe", and first surveyed by the famous engineer, Smeaton, 1763 - was not completed until 1790. In view of the importance of its opening, the town of Grangemouth was founded by Sir Lawrence Dundas in 1777. The Union Canal, linking the Forth and Clyde Canal with Edinburgh, did not come through until 1822. It is interesting to note that a few years later the Rapid, the first of the swift boats to Glasgow, was built at Tophill at the west end of Falkirk, whilst the engine of one of the earliest paddle steamers was built at Carron as far back as 1789. The Edinburgh and Glasgow railway had tunnelled through to Falkirk High Station by 1840, and the pattern of the town's communications was set for a considerable period.

   Records of flax mills are sparse. In the 1840s the Paper Mill was managed by Alexander Kerr, who is said to have "used it as a lint or linen mill and rented land from farmers to grow the flax he required." It is shown on the 1st ed OS as the Kirkwood Bleachfield, but by this time it was disused. Later it changed to Headswood Mill, and eventually to the Denny Paper Works.  Garth Mill is located to the south of Garth on the Castlerankine Burn and began life as a flax mill and is shown on an estate plan of 1793. In 1841 we are told "About a mile from Denny, there was once a lint-mill driven by its waters. The reference to Linn mills in the district is misleading as the name derives from a waterfall (Linn) on a stream near the buildings and not from processing lint.