WEST HOUSE MILL

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Russian Lead Flax & Hemp Bale Seals from

West House Mill - Blubberhouses

This site is an ongoing project involving the daily finding and identification of Russian Lead Flax & Hemp Bale Seals and Lead Trading Tokens from the old disused Northern Flax Mills of Bentham Mills, West House Mill at Blubberhouses, the Little Patrick Mill and Aked's High Mill at West End and Folly Ghyll Mill in Thornthwaite... plus Kinghorn Mills in Fife, Scotland. For many decades in the 18th & 19th centuries, Russia was by far the world's greatest exporter of flax stems via Archangel, St Petersburg, Kronstadt, Narva, Riga, Libau, Memel, Konigsberg, Pilau, Pernau, Revel, Tilsit and Windau and Great Britain was Russia's major customer.

Click Here for Archangel & Tax Seals

Click Here for 1791 - 1813

Click Here for 1814

Click Here 1815 - 1838
Click Here for Lead Tokens used at the Mill

West House Mill was a water-powered flax spinning mill built in 1797. There were two large water wheels and it was further enlarged in 1806 - 1816 to a large five-storey mill with additions such as a warehouse, mill extension, a supplementary steam engine, a loom shop, bleach house and air drying rooms. A heated dry house and a new warehouse and bleachworks were built between 1820 and 1843. Used extensively for flax production from 1897 to 1838 and converted to cotton spinning from 1851 and silk spinning from 1856-1864. Orphan children and Paupers were brought from (or rather bought in) London to work in the remote West House Mills. The orphans were housed in the Apprentice House and the Pauper families went to the Workhouse on Hardistry Hill and they were paid in lead trading tokens .. There were other buildings .. the mill owners' houses and worker's cottages .. now demolished. Allegedly, 500 boys and girls worked here.

Russian Lead Flax Bale Seals

Flax Bale Seals from Archangel, Russia, Number 1 post

#

OBVERSE click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

No1
1806
w01

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
XPACИMЪ TPAПEЗHИKOBЪ
(KHRASIM TRAPEZNIKOV)

APXAH / ГEЛ : ПOP
ЛHЯ.2.PУ
1806 Б.И.Ж

Archangel Port
LNYA.2.RU
1806 B.I.ZH

No1 1806w01 No.1. D (inspector) Khrasim Trapeznikov / LNYA.2.RU is 2nd grade (flax)

No1
1809
w01

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
XPACИMЪ TPAПEЗHИKOBЪ
(KHRASIM TRAPEZNIKOV)

ЛЬНЯНОЕ БPAKOBЩIK
3 JD P / 1809

LNYANOE (flax)

passed inspection
3 JD R / 1809

   No1 1809w01 No.1. D (inspector) Khrasim Trapeznikov / 3 R third grade (flax) БPAKOBЩIK passed inspection

No1
1809
w02

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
XPACИMЪ TPAПEЗHИKOBЪ
(KHRASIM TRAPEZNIKOV)

ЛЬНЯНОЕ БPAKOBЩIK
3 JD P / 1809

LNYANOE (flax)

passed inspection
3 JD R / 1809

   No1 1809w02 No.1. D (inspector) Khrasim Trapeznikov / 3 R third grade (flax) БPAKOBЩIK passed inspection

No1
1809
w03

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
XPACИMЪ TPAПEЗHИKOBЪ
(KHRASIM TRAPEZNIKOV)

ЛЬНЯНОЕ БPAKOBЩIK
2 JD P / 1809

LNYANOE (flax)

passed inspection
2 JD R / 1809

   No1 1809w03 No.1. D (inspector) Khrasim Trapeznikov / 2 R second grade (flax) БPAKOBЩIK passed inspection

No1
1809
w04

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
БОРИС ГЕСИПОВ
(BORIS GESIPOV)

ЛЬНЯНОЕ БPAKOBЩIK
3 JD P / 1809

LNYANOE (flax)

passed inspection
3 JD R / 1809

   No1 1809w04 No.1. D (inspector) Boris Gesipov / 3 R third grade (flax) БPAKOBЩIK passed inspection

No1
1809
w05

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
XPACИMЪTPAПEЗHИKOBЪ
(KHRASIM TRAPEZNIKOV)

ЛЬНЯНОЕ БPAKOBЩIK
2 JD P / 1809

LNYANOE (flax)

passed inspection
2 JD R / 1809

   No1 1809w05 No.1. D (inspector) Boris Gesipov / 2 R second grade (flax) БPAKOBЩIK passed inspection

No1
1809
w06

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
XPACИMЪTPAПEЗHИKOBЪ
(KHRASIM TRAPEZNIKOV)

ЛЬНЯНОЕ БPAKOBЩIK
3 JD P / 1809

LNYANOE (flax)

passed inspection
3 JD R / 1809

   No1 1809w06 No.1. D (inspector) Khrasim Trapeznikov / 3 R third grade (flax) БPAKOBЩIK passed inspection

No1
1810
w01

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
XPACИMЪTPAПEЗHИKOBЪ
(KHRASIM TRAPEZNIKOV)

A. П
ЛЬНЯН:БPAK
3 JD P / 1810

A P = Archangel Port
LNYAN:BRAK (flax)
3 JD R / 1810

No1 1810w01 No.1. D (inspector) Khrasim Trapeznikov / 3 R third grade / LNYAN:BRAK inspected flax

No1
1810
w02

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
XPACИMЪTPAПEЗHИKOBЪ
(KHRASIM TRAPEZNIKOV)

A. П
ЛЬНЯН:БPAK
2 JD P / 1810

A P = Archangel Port
LNYAN:BRAK (flax)
2 JD R / 1810

No1 1810w02 No.1. D (inspector) Khrasim Trapeznikov / 2 R second grade / LNYAN:BRAK inspected flax

No1

1810

w03

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
XPACИMЪ TPAПEЗHИKOBЪ
(KHRASIM TRAPEZNIKOV)

A. П
ЛЬНЯН:БPAK
3 JD P / 1810

A P = Archangel Port
LNYAN:BRAK (flax)
3 JD R / 1810

    No1 1810w03 No.1. D (inspector) Khrasim Trapeznikov / 3 R third grade / LNYAN:BRAK inspected flax

No1

1810

w04

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
ИВАНЪ ІАКОВЪ
(IVAN JAKOV)

A. П
ЛЬНЯН:БPAK
2 JD P / 1810

A P = Archangel Port
LNYAN:BRAK (flax)
2 JD R / 1810

   No1 1810w04 No.1. D (inspector) Ivan Jakov / 2 R second grade / LNYAN:BRAK inspected flax

No1
1813
w01

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
XPACИMЪ TPAПEЗHИKOBЪ
(KHRASIM TRAPEZNIKOV)

APXAH / ГEЛ : ПOP
ЛHЯ.2.PУ
1813 БJOC

ARKANGEL : PORT

LNYA.2.RU
1813 BJOS

No1 1813w01 No.1. D (inspector) Khrasim Trapeznikov / LNYA.2.RU is 2nd grade (flax)

IDS
1333

No.1.(post) Д (Inspector)
XPACИMЪ TPAПEЗHИKOBЪ
(KHRASIM TRAPEZNIKOV)

ЛЬНЯНОЕ БPAKOBЩIK
1 JD P / 1809

LNYANOE (flax)

passed inspection
1 JD R / 1809

   IDS 1333 No.1. D (inspector) Khrasim Trapeznikov / 1 R first grade (flax) БPAKOBЩIK passed inspection

IDS
1857

No.1.(post)
Д (Inspector)
БОРИС ГЕСИПОВ
(BORIS GESIPOV)

ЛЬНЯНОЕ

БPAKOBЩIK
2 JD P / 1809

LNYANOE (flax)

passed inspection
2 JD R / 1809

   IDS 1857 No.1. D (inspector) Boris Gesipov / 2 R second grade (flax) БPAKOBЩIK passed inspection

#

OBVERSE click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Inspectors / posts

for West House Mill

Aref'ev.E 1810 --

Aref'ev.P 1814 88

Alekseev.E 1814 92

Asanin.L 1815 5

Asanin.?.A 1814 5

B 1801#w02

Baboshin.F 1811 --

Babonin.I 1814 76

Bacharov.K 1838 34

Balobanov.S 1807 41

Bazhenov.G 1804 80

Brasyakov.? 1814 --

Chelpanov.A 1799 54

Chernikov.A 1802 96

Chernikov.T 1802 18

Chernyshev.S 1798 81

Chupyatov.T 1829 107

Churakov.A 1838 75

Darafeev.V 1814 2

D--------.I 1809 --

Davydov.P 1814 17

Dedovnikov.I 1814 84

Demidov.V 1811 55

Denisov.I 1817 4

Dem'yanov.S 179? 1

Dem'yanov.E.B 1808 70

Eremeev.I.M 1817 41

Erokhin.? 1813 49

Filatov.S 1814 2

Galkin.A 1802 15

Grudinin.E 1815 38

Grudinin.V 1814 83

Gurov.A 1814 52

Gurov.I 1801 36

Kanavalov.V 1814 26

Karokov.A 1808 25

Kartsev.? 1814 25

Kazlov.A 1829 127

Kavelev.D 1814 66

Kladukhin.S 1814 42

Kol?nov.? 1814 --

Kononov.M 1798 83

Konovalov.K 181? 26

Koptev.L 1818 91

Korolev.K 1811 61

Korolev.E 1814 46

Korolev.E.B 1808 40

Korolev.E*M 1814 46

Korolev.M 1799 58

Korolev.M 1809 78

Kostin.A 1814 32

Kostin.F 1799 32

Kostin.M 1798 39

Kotoev.A 1807 61

Kozlov.E 1814 65

Kozlov.P 1814 94

Kozlov.Ya 1809 58

Krasikov.F 1814 53

Kuchin.V 1814 73

Kuchkov.A 1807 62

Kuchkov.Ya 1798 62

Kudryaev.I 1814 1

Kuzmin.P 1808 74

Lakeniv 1803 24

Larionov.T 1814 22

Latin.V 1833 23

Lebedev.P 1814 75

Levashev.C 1816 57

Lebedev.L 1902 33

Lebedev.P 179? 61

Lobkov.L 1814 8

Luchnikov.I.Ya 1814 57

Makarevich.I 1814 103

Malafeev.V 1808 21

Merkulov.K 1814 28

Merkulov.M 1809 28

Mesnikov.I 1814 118

Mesnikov.P 1804 13

Mesnikov.P 1814 118

Mikhalev.S 1804 59

Molchanov.A 1814 34

Myl'nikov.A 1809 79

Na'chinnikov.- 1802 55

Nadezhin.I 1802 44

Nav'nskoi.P 1815 13

N??nin.A 1799 5

Orlov.M.I. 1814 52

Padekin.I 1809 --

Pavlovs.Z 1809 67

Perin.V 1815 --

Pikin.M 1811 35

Pikin.V 1799 48

Pirozhnikov.E 1799 41

Pirozhnikov.I 1806 23

Pirozhnikov.V 1809 2

Plotnik.I 1814 69

Plotnikov.I.M 1817 102

Plotnik.T 1809 76

Pogankin.L 1814 27

Pogankin.L 1804 31

Polovokhin.P 1814 81

Radin.T 1799 35

Rastrepaev.I 1799 73

Ryabov.K 1815 50

Salov'ev.S 1826 132

Samrov.F 1814 73

Sarynin.E 1800 15

Shchogolev.P 179? 64

Shel'kov.T 1802 51

Shepavov.V 1815 --

Sh?iachov.E 1817 --

Shilov.P 1814 97

Shipachev.A 1838 12

Shipachev.I 1800 6

Shipochev 1809 --

Shipochev.A 1800 12

Shipachov.B 1814 16

Shiryaev.S 1826 68

Simonov.M 1814 82

Sinikov.K 1816 1-

Sinyakov.K 1811 *

Sinyakov.G 1814 54

Sinyakov.L 1814 43

Sinyakov.S 1800 18

Sitnikov.K 1829 *

Sivtsov.I 1808 27

Soloukhi.D 1802 45

Soloukhi.S 1821 45

Sukhorukov.F 1819 6

Surin.I 1814 29

Syromyat.I 1814 *

Tamilin.E 1809 65

Taropchinov.M 1814 N11

Temkin.Z 1814 99

Toropchsh--.M 1813 1-

Zhukov.T 1809 71

Timofeev.S 1798 34

Tomilin.T 179? 29

Trapezni.K 1806 M--

Tyurin 1804 7

Tyurin.P 1814 8

Ul'yanov.S 1814 10

Valaskov.A 1802 --

Varaksi.I 1814 14

Varzov.I 1815 31

Varaksin.I 1827 14

Vasil'ev.P 1814 295

Vasil'ev.? 1812 *

Vavinin.? 1810 38

Verevkin.M 1814 9

Verevkin.S 179? 3

Vinnikov.I 1811 20

Vinnikov.I.M. 1814 56

Vinakurov.I 1813 61

Vinograd.N 1831 110

Vinokurov.T 1829 58

Vlasov.I 1811 *

Volkov.L 1814 105

Volkov.V 1838 78

Vorob'ev.A 1814 98

Vorob'ev.D 1805 72

Vorob'ev.S 1797 16

Zaitsov.F 1813 12

Zaitsov.K 1808 47

Zaitsov.S 1815 19

Zamarin.N 1808 --

Zamarin.T 1833 17

Zhigachev.Ya 1833 100

-asi-ev.- 1811 --

-eri-o.? 1828 --

-inoredov.? 1838 --

-sil-o-.? 180- --

-o-----.? 1810 --

-o-niko.? 180- --

---dev.L 1802 33

----.C 1801 --

Posts/ Inspector / #

* I.Vlasov 1811#w17

* ?.Vasil'ev 1812#w02

* K.Sinyakov 1811#w06

* K.Sitnikov 1829#wS1

1 S.Dem'yanov 179?#w17

1 I.Kudryaev 1814#w54

2 V.Darafeev 1814#w119

2 S.Filatov 1814#w25

3 S.Verevkin 179?#w01

2 V.Pirozhnikov 1809#w14

4 I.Denisov 1817#w04

* I.Syromyat 1814#006

5 A.N.Sanin 1799#w03

5 L.Asanin 1815#w01

5 A.?.Asanin 1814#w32

5 Ya.Shilov 1810#w06

6 I.Shipachev 1800#w03

6 F.Sukhorukov 1819#W01

7 ?.Tyurin 1804#w04

8 L.Lobkov 1814#w05

8 P.Tyurin 1814#w31

9 M.Verevkin 1814#w39

1- K.Sinikov 1816#w03

1- M.Toropchsh--1813#w10

10 S.Ul'yanov 1814#w08

11 M.Taropchinov 1814#w76

12 F.Zaitsov 1813#w01

12 A.Shipachev 1838#w01

12 A.Shipochev 1800#w01

13 P.Mesnikov 1804#w02

13 P.Nav'nskoi 1815#w09

14 I.Varaksi 1817#w02

14 I.Varaksin 1827#wS1

15 E.Sarynin 1800#w02

15 A.Galkin 1802#w01

16 V.Shipachov 1814#w193

16 S.Vorob'ev 1797#w01

17 P.Davydov 1814#013

17 T.Zamarin 1833#wC4

18 T.Chernikov 1814#w132

18 S.Sinyakov 1800#w05

19 S.Zaitsov 1808#w03

20 I.Vinnikov 1811#w05

21 V.Malafeev 1810#w01

22 T.Larionov 1814#w221

23 D.Kostin 1833#wC3

23 V.Latin 1833#w01

24 Lakeniv 1803#w02

25 A.Karokov 1808#w12

25 ?.Kartsev 1814#w153

26 V.Kanavalov 1814#w93

26 K.Konovalov 181?#w04

27 L.Pogankin 1814#w27

27 I.Sivtsov 1808#w09

28 K.Merkulov 1814#w22

28 M.Merkulov 1809#w13

29 I.Surin 1814#w26

29 T.Tomilin 179?#w06

30 S.Gurov 1814#w60

31 I.Varzov 1815#w13

31 L.Pogankin 1804#w06

32 A.Kostin 1814#w68

32 F.Kostin 1799#w01

33 L.Lebedev 1802#w09

34 K.Bacharov 1838#w02

34 A.Molchanov 1814#w24

34 S.Timofeev 1798#w03

35 M.Pikin 1811#w07

35 T.Radin 1799#w04

36 I.Gurov 1801#w03

38 E.Grudinin 1815#w06

38 M.Vavinin 1810#w04

39 M.Kostin 1798#w02

40 E.B.Korolev 1808#w04

41 E.Pirozhnikov 1799#w11

41 I.M.Eremeev 1817#w05

41 S.Balobanov 1807#w03

42 S.Kladukhin 1814#w57

43 L.Sinyakov 1814#w04

44 I.Nadezhin 1802#w05

45 D.Solouki 1802#w04

45 S.Soloukhi 1821#w01

46 E.Korolev 1814#w160

46 E.Korolev*M 1814#w58

47 K.Zaitsov 1808#w05

48 V.Pikin 1799#w07

49 S.Erokhin 1813#W03

50 K.Ryabov 1815#w04

51 T.Shel'kov 1802#w10

52 A.Gurov 1814#w48

52 M.I.Orlov 1814#w84

53 F.Krasikov 1814#w01

54 A.Chelpanov 1799#w08

54 G.Sinyakov 1814#w10

55 V.Demidov 1811#w04

55 Na'chinnikov 1802#w12

56 I.M.Vinnikov 1814#w11

57 C.Levashev 1816#w02

58 M.Korolev 1799#w06

58 Ya.Kozlov 1809#w01

58 T.Vinokurov 1814#w50

59 S.Mikhalev 1804#w08

61 I.Vinakurov 1813#w05

61 K.Korolev 1811#w02

61 A.Kotoev 1807#w02

61 P.Lebedev 179?#w04

62 A.Kuchkov 1807#w01

62 Ya.Kuchkov 1798#w07

64 V.Shchogolev 179?#W05

65 E.Kozlov 1814#w14

65 E.Tamilin 1809#w11

66 D.Kavelev 1814#w19

67 Z.Pavlov 1809#w03

67 I.Ya.Luchnikov 1814#w74

68 Shiryaev.S 1808#w02

69 I.Plotnik 1814#w30

70 E.B.Dem'yanov 1808#w13

71 T.Zhukov 1809#w15

72 D.Vorob'ev 1805#w02

73 V.Kuchin 1814#w45

73 I.Rastrepaev 1799#w02

73 F.Samrov 1808#w16

74 P.Kuzmin 1808#w11

75 A.Churakov 1838#wC2

75 P.Lebedev 1814#w28

76 I.Babonin 1814#w145

76 T.Plotnik 1807#w04

78 M.Korolev 1809#w04

78 V.Volkov 1838#wC1

79 A.Myl'nikov 1809#w19

80 G.Bazhenov 1804#w11

81 S.Chernyshev 1798#w01

81 P.Polovokhin misc#015

82 M.Simanov 1814#w29

83 V.Grudinin 1814#w21

83 Kononov.M 1798#w04

84 I.Dedovnikov 1814#w49

87 A.Valaskov 1802#w03

88 P.Aref'ev 1814#142

91 L.Koptev 1818#w01

92 E.Alekseev 1814#w86

93 V.Latin 1833#wC2

94 P.Kozlov 1814#w43

96 A.Chernikov 1802#w02

97 P.Shilov 1814#w15

98 A.Vorob'ev 1814#w42

99 Z.Temkin 1814#w03

100 Ya.Zhigachev 1833#wS1

102 I.M.Plotnikov 1817#w01

103 Makarevich.I 1814#w63

104 K.I.Sarafanin 1818#w02

105 L.Volkov 1814#w107

107 T.Chupyatov 1829#C02

110 N.Vinograd 1831#wC2

118 P.Mesnikov 1814#w09

118 I.Mesnikov 1822#w01

127 Kazlov.A 1829#wS2

132 S.Salov'ev 1814#w07

295 P.Vasil'ev 1814#w20

-- ?.-eri-o 1828#wS1

-- ?.?o????? 1810#w08

-- ?.?o?niko 180-#w06

-- ?.?sil?o? 180-#w07

-- Aref'ev.E 1810#W09

-- ?.?inoredov 1838#wC3

-- F.Baboshin 1811#w09

-- ?.Brasyakov 1814#w35

-- I.D-------- 1809#w16

-- ?.Kol?nov 1814#w56

-- I.Padekin 1809#w07

-- V.Perin 1815#w03

-- V.Shepavov 1815#w10

-- ?.Shipochev 1809#w21

-- E.Sh?iachov 1817#w06

-- K.Trapezni 1806#w01

-- N.Zamarin 1808#w07

-- C.????? 1801#001

23 I.Pirozhnikov 1806#w03

How the seals got

into the fields

The discarded stalks of the flax with

a bale seal still attached were highly

prized as fertilizer by local farmers

and they were spread on the land

mixed with Night Soil .. human

excrement ... so called because it

was collected in the dark of night.

liquid manure

solid manure

on to the farm and then on to

the land mixed with the rotted flax.

------------------

I have another theory that

the bales were spread on the

fields to ret (rot down) and

the seals fell off the stems.

#

OBVERSE click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

A

w01

A. П

B???HБ

БИHOBЪ

(VINOV)

A.П

(Archangel Port)

ЛHAБPA

2 BD P 1810

A P

LNYAN:BRAK

2 BD R

1810 (flax)

A

w02

A (*) П

(Archangel Port)

ДECЯTCK

ЯCP 18??

ЛЬHЯHБPAK

3 JD P

L'NYAN:BRAK

3 JD R

(flax)

A

w03

A.П

ДECЯHK

Л:K

ЛЬHЯHБPAK

3 BD 1832

ПAKЛЯ

L'NYANBRAK

3 BD 1832

PAKLYA
(flax)

Aw03.. this is ПAKЛЯ grade (Paklya, Codilla or Scutching Tow are the broken

fibres from the scutching and heckling process and are used for Tow yarns.)

A

w04

??

?EPЪ

BAЛIHЪ

(VALIN)

ЛБHЯH:БPAK

2 ЯC P

181?

LNYAN:BRAK

2 YaS P

181? (flax)

A

w05

faint

letters

ЛHЯHOE

БPAKOBЩ

3 JD P

180?

ЛHЯHOE
BRAKOVSHIK

3 JD P

180? (flax)

Aw05 ЛHЯHOE БPAKOBЩ, (LNYANOE BRAKOVSH) Flax passed inspection

A

w06

faint

letters

faint

letters

A

w07

faint

letters

ЛHЯHOE

БPAKOBШИK

3 JD P

1809

LNYANOE

BRAKOVSHIK

3 JD R

1809 (flax)

Aw07 ЛHЯHOE БPAKOBЩИK (LNYANOE BRAKOVSHIK) Flax passed inspection

A

w08

faint

letters

faint

letters

A

w09

A. П.

(Archangel Port)

ДeСЯЦK

F?

A. П.

ЛHЯHБPAK

3 MD P

18??

A P

LNYAN:BRAK

3 MD R

18?? (flax)

A

w10

A. П.

(Archangel Port)

ДEСЯTCK

CA

A. П.

ЛЬHЯH.БP

3 J? P

18??

A P

LNYAN:BRAK

3 J? R

18?? (flax)

A

w11

A.П

ДECЯHK

??

ЛHЯH:БPAK

LNYANBRAK

(flax)

A

w12

???

???

ЛЬHЯH:БPAK

2 JD P

1810

???

LNYANBRAK

2 JD R

1810 (flax)

A

w13

ДЕСЯ.

ИЛA.TPO

ИЦKiИ

(ILA.TROITSKY)

APX БP

KPONЬ

1"COPTЬ

EП 1838

ARKH. BR

Crown

1st SORT

EP 1838(flax)

A

w14

?Д

?BAHЬ ?AKOBЬ

IVAN JAKOV

????

J

J

A

w15

A. П.

(Archangel Port)

ДECЯmC

MK

A. П.

ЛHЯHБPAK

3 BD P

1831

A P

LNYAN:BRAK

3 BD R

1831 (flax)

A

w16

A. П.

ДECЯmC

?A

?P?

ЛЬHЯHБPAK

3 JD P

1809

R

LNYAN:BRAK

3 JD R

1809 (flax)

A

w17

A. П.

(Archangel Port)

ДEСЯTCK
??

A. П.

ЛЬHЯH.БP

3 J? P

18?6

A P

LNYAN:BRAK

3 J? R

18?6 (flax)

A

w18

moved to

No1 1809 w05

A

w19

APX ПОРT
ДЕСЯТ
??

ЛHЯHOE

БPAKOBШИK

2 JD P

1809

LNYANOE

BRAKOVSHIK

2 JD R

1809 (flax)

A

w20

????

APX.ПOP

ЛЬHЯH:БPAK

3 JD P

1810

ARCH:PORT
LNYAN:BRAK
3 JD R
1810 (flax)

A

w21

A. П.

(Archangel Port)

ДECЯTCK

??

APX.ПOP

ЛЬHЯH:БPAK

3 JD P

1810

ARCH:PORT
LNYAN:BRAK
3 JD R
1810 (flax)

A

w22

A (*) П

ДECЯTCK

?CL

APX.ПOP

ЛЬHЯHБPAK

2 JD P 1810

ARCH:PORT
LNYAN:BRAK
2 JD R
1810 (flax)

A

w23

??

A. П.

ЛHЯHБPAK

3 ЯC P

1822

A P
LNYAN:BRAK
3 YaS R
1822 (flax)

A

w24

A. П.

(Archangel Port)

ДECЯmC

MK

A. П.

ЛHЯHБPAK

3 BD P

1831

A P
LNYAN:BRAK
3 BD R
1831 (flax)

A
w25

Д
ПETPЪ
ЛГAЛИH

ЛHЯHOE--

БPAKOBШИK

3 JD P 1809 (flax)

Aw25
English

(Д= D =Inspector)

PETER LGALIN

Linen passed inspection

3 JD R 1809 3rd grade

A

w26

A-П

ДECЯЦK

??

A:П.

ЛЬHЯH

2 PD P

1814

A P

LNYAN

2 PD R

1814 (flax)

A
w27

A. П.

ДECЯTCK

??

A:П

ЛЬHЯH БPAK

3 JD P

1809

A:P

LNYAN:BRAK

3 JD R

1809 (flax)

A
w28

ДЕСЯТ

ИЛЯА СО/БОЛЕВ
(ILYA SOBOLEV)

APX.БP
КУДЕЛЬH
1:COPTЪ
A P 1842

Archangel Brak

KUDEL'N
1st Sort (flax)
A P 1842

A
w29

APX. БP

ДЕСЯТH

МАТ.ПЛОТНИКОВ
MAT(VEUKO).PLOTNIKOV

APX.БP
КУДЕЛЬH
1:COPTЪ
M K 1842

Archangel Brak

KUDEL'N
1st Sort (flax)
M K 1842

A
w30

ДЕСЯ:K

ОСНЪИП ЗВЯГИН
(OSN'IP ZVYAGIN)

???

???

A

w31

APX. БP

ДЕСЯТH

KOCTEP

ГИHЪ

APX. БP

KУДEЛЬH

1.COPTЪ

B Л D 1841

ARKH.BR

KUDEL'N
1st SORT
V.L.D 1841

A
w32

Д
ПETPЪ / ВАТАЛIН

(PETR VATALIN)

ЛHЯHO E-- БPAKOBШИK

2 JD P (flax)

1809

Aw32

Д= D =Inspector PETER VATALIN

Flax passed inspection 2 JD R 1809 2nd grade

A

w33

A. П.

(Archangel Port)

ДeСЯЦK

(intitials)

A. П.

ЛHЯHБPAK

3 ?? P

1802

A P

LNYAN:BRAK

3 ?? R

1802 (flax)

Crossed Keys Flax Bale Seals

(The Crossed Keys seals found at West House Mills seem

to originate in a variety of ports .. Riga, Libau, Memel etc)

#

OBVERSE click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Riga

w01

+ (empty bits)

crossed keys

small round bows

usually

blank

Not textbook

Riga

Riga

w02

+

crossed keys

1

usually

blank

True Riga

Riga

w03

+

crossed keys

1

usually

blank

True Riga

Riga

w04

blank

blank

Probably

Riga

Riga

w05

X

crossed keys

B Badstuben

1

blank

Not Riga

(Drujaner & Coupland flax)

Libau & Meme

Riga

w06

+

crossed keys

1

usually

blank

Riga

Riga

w07

+ (empty bits)

crossed keys

small round bows

usually

blank

Not textbook

Riga

Riga

w08

X

crossed keys

1

usually

blank

Not Riga

Riga

w09

x

crossed keys

2

usually

blank

Not Riga

Riga

w10

+

crossed keys

1

usually

blank

Probably

Riga

Riga

w11

X

crossed keys

2

usually

blank

Not Riga

Riga

w12

+

crossed keys

1

usually

blank

Riga

Riga
w13

X
crossed keys
1

usually

blank

Not Riga

Riga

w14

+

crossed keys

1

usually

blank

Riga

Riga
w15

+
crossed keys
1

usually

blank

Probably

Riga

Riga
w16

+

crossed keys
1

usually
blank

Probably

Riga

Riga
w17

+

crossed keys
1

usually
blank

True Riga

Riga
w18

X

crossed keys
2

usually
blank

Not Riga

Riga
w19

+

crossed keys
1

usually
blank

Riga

Lead Flax Bale Seals from Baltic States.

Balt

w01

quartered

+ shield with

1/1/1/1 annulets

GH
12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w02

quartered

+ shield with

-/-/-/- pellets

faint

letters

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w03

quartered

+ shield with

-/-/-/- pellets

faint

letters

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w04

quartered

+ shield with

1/1/1/1 annulets

GH
12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt
w05

quartered

+ shield with

1/1/1/1 annulets

GH
12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w06

quartered

+ shield with

5/5/-/- pellets

IFH

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w07

quartered

+ shield with

9/9/-/- pellets

WLT

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w08

quartered

+ shield with

1/1/1/1 pellets

12K
GH

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w09

quartered

+ shield with

9/9/-/- pellets

WLT

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w10

quartered

+ shield with

5/5/-/- annulets

IFH

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w11

quartered

+ shield with

?/?/-/- pellets

CM

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w12

quartered

+ shield with

1/1/1/1 pellets

12K
GH

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w13

quartered

+ shield with

5/5/-/- annulets

IFH

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w14

quartered

+ shield with

5/5/-/- annulets

12K

WLT

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w15

quartered

+ shield with

5/5/5/5 pellets

CR

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w16

quartered

+ shield with

1/1/1/1 annulets

12K

GH

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w17

quartered

+ shield with

1/1/1/1 annulets

12K

GH

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w18

quartered

+ shield with

1/1/1/1 annulets

12K

GH

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w19

quartered

+ shield with

4/4/4/4 pellets

??

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w20

quartered

+ shield with

9/9/-/- pellets

I.G

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w21

quartered

+ shield with

1/1/1/1 annulets

GH

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w22

quartered

+ shield with

5/5/-/- annulets

IFH

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w23

quartered

+ shield with

-/-/4/5 annulets

WM

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt
w24

quartered
+ shield with
5/5/-/- annulets

CR
12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt
w25

quartered
+ shield with
5/5/5/5 annulets

CR
12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt
w26

quartered
+ shield with
?/?/-/- annulets

12K
CM

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt
w27

Cross quartered
+ shield with
5/5/5/5 pellets

CR
12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt

w28

quartered

+ shield with

5/5/1/1/ pellets

12K

WLT

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Balt
w29

quartered
+ shield with
1/1/1/1 annulets

12K
GH

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Circular Dated Seals (Probably from Riga)

Circular dated also called Russian Crosslet Customs Seals.

Usually these have letter variations issued by St Petersburg

*C.П.Б. T. OT. TO ... *C.П.Б.TA.OTP.TOB

CПБ.= St Petersburg, TAMOЖHЯ. = Customs, OTPACЛЬ. = Dept., TOBAP = Goods

----

But 1815 custom seals found at West House Mill and Aked High Mill

appear to have been issued at Riga ???OИ.T.PИ??

click here for more details of Circular Dated Seals from St Petersburg

CDS

01

???T.PИ? (Riga)

1815

shield with crescent

blank

Crescent moon

1 2 3 4

CDS

02

??OИ.TA.?(Riga)

181?

shield

blank

1 2 3 4

shield

CDS

03

??OИ.T? (Riga)

1 8 1 5

shield with crescent

blank

Crescent moon

1 2 3 4

CDS

04

?????И??????

1 8 1 5

shield

blank

1 2 3 4

shield

Ю T Seals

This configuration is found on State Tax Seals which do not have a full picture of

the Russian State Arms on the reverse. So when the reverse is blank the State Arms

are shown as Ю and the T is for TAMOЖHЯ (TAMOZHNYA) CUSTOMS .. Ю T

Symbols and Letters for dates

1803 eye

1804 bell

1805

A

1806

Б

1807

B

1808

Г

1809

Д

1810

E

Many of these seals have unreadable letters however one found by Ged Dodd
on the 27th May 2015 reads TA*ПEPHOBCKOИ* = TA.PERNOVSKOI

Customs for the city port of PERNOV in Estonia (modern PARNU)

1803
wЮ1

1803 Ю (eye) T
TA*ПEPHOBCKOИ

(PERNOV CUSTOMS)
TA*=ТАМОЖЕННАЯ

Blank

1807
wЮ1

1807 ЮBT
TA*ПEPHOBCKOИ

(PERNOV CUSTOMS)

Blank

West
House

1807
wЮ2

1807 ЮBT
TA*ПEPHOBCKOИ

(PERNOV CUSTOMS)

Blank

West
House

1809

wЮ1

1809 ЮДT
TA*ПEPHOBCKOИ

(PERNOV CUSTOMS)

Blank

West
House

1809

wЮ2

1809 ЮДT
TA*ПEPHOBCKOИ

(PERNOV CUSTOMS)

Blank

West
House

1809

wЮ3

1809 ЮДT
TA*ПEPHOBCKOИ

(PERNOV CUSTOMS)

Blank

West
House

1809

wЮ4

1809 ЮДT
TA*ПEPHOBCKOИ

(PERNOV CUSTOMS)

Blank

West
House

1809

wЮ5

1809 ЮДT
TA*ПEPHOBCKOИ

(PERNOV CUSTOMS)

Blank

West
House

1809

wЮ6

1809 ЮДT
TA*ПEPHOBCKOИ

(PERNOV CUSTOMS)

Blank

West
House

1810
wЮ1

?BAB? TA
1810
ЮET

Blank

Relative Activity at West House Mill according to Seal Dates 1797 -1838

76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

Bentham Mills

Aked's High Mill

Little Patrick Mill

West House Mill

Knaresborough Cumbria

76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

The Napoleonic Wars raised both demand and price for linen goods in the 1790s, but at the same time made the Baltic trade in raw materials more difficult. Napoleon's blockade of the Baltic raised the price of a ton of flax from £40 to £170. The tonnage of shipping from the Baltic via Lancaster to Bentham Mills was falling back in the late 1790s, while from 1808 to 1813 no ships entered at the port at all. Some flax was brought in to Bentham from Liverpool to fill the gap until 1808, when the blockade really began to bite. Meanwhile the West House and Little Patrick Mills got their raw materials via Hull and the east coast and managed to fare better early on .. Bentham Mill did not recover until the late 1820's and then prospered.

Click on a thumbnail of Old Photos Around Blubberhouses

Old Post Office The Mill Owners House Post Office & Church The Old Bridge

Post Office, Church, Pub postcard old bridge view

Blubberhouses Hall with the West House Mill High Seal Fields beyond

West House in Winter

Sheep in the Snow Sheep in the Seal Fields Track to Upper Fields Safely in the Barn

Copyright 2020 © Ged Dodd

aka PeaceHavens Project
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Website design and photos by Ged Dodd Director of The PeaceHavens Project.