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Russian Flax/Hemp Bale Seals

The Cumbria Site

Discovered by Ray Livermore in 2014 and currently being worked on a daily

basis under his supervision with assistance from Julie ..  for the Estate Owner.

 (30 seals found to date with 0 seals awaiting upload as of 1st April 2018)

 

 

Website design, maps and photos by Ged Dodd - Director of The PeaceHavens Project.

   About PeaceHavens - This database is an ongoing project involving the daily finding and identification of Russian Lead Flax Bale Seals from the old disused 18th/19th century Flax Mills of the Industrial Revolution in the UK.   For many decades in the 18th & 19th centuries, Russia was by far the world's greatest exporter of these flax stems via Archangel, St Petersburg, Kronstadt, Narva, Riga, Libau, Memel, Konigsberg, Pilau, Pernau, Revel, and Tilsit and Great Britain was Russia's major customer. Every bale of flax stems was fastened together with a lead seal by a quality control inspector. The discarded stems of the flax with seals still attached were prized as fertilizer by local farmers and were spread onto the land mixed with night soil manure.

 

 

Russian Lead Flax Bale Seals from the Cumbria Site

 

 

Baltic States Cross Shields

 

Weather Forecast

 

 

The Baltic States Crosses

on Shield Flax Seals c.1800

 

 

A Galliot wooden trading ship

 

--------------------------------

 

Inspectors and Posts

for Cumbria Mill

 

 

  Filatov.I      1810   89

  Kavelev.D      1805   66

  Kostin.F       1805   32

  Larionov.T     1817   22

  Mikhalev.S     1805   59

  Molchanov.A    1805   34

  Pogankin.L     1805   31

  Samrov.F       1805   73

  Savostin.A     1787   25

  Shilov.Ya      1807   51
  Simonov.M      18??   82

  Trekin         1774  307

  Tomilin.T      1805   29

  Varzov.S       1805   14

  Verevkin.M     1814    9

  Verevkin.S     1805    3

  Vinakurov.I    1813   61

  Vinnikov.I     1805   20

  Zaitsov.S      1805   19

 

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 

Posts / Inspectors / #

for Cumbria Mill

 

    3 S.Verevkin     1805#07

    9 M.Verevkin     1814#01

   14 S.Varzov       1805#08

   19 S.Zaitsov      1805#04

   20 I.Vinnikov     1805#03

   22 T.Larionov     1817#01

   25 A.Savostin     1787#01

   29 T.Tomilin      1805#02

   31 L.Pogankin     1805#11

   32 F.Kostin       1805#09

   34 A.Molchanov    1805#13

   51 Ya.Shilov      1807#01

   59 S.Mikhalev     1805#10

   61 I.Vinakurov    1813#01

   66 D.Kavelev      1805#01

   73 F.Samrov       1805#06
   82 M.Simonov      18??#01

   89 I.Filatov      1810#01

  307   Trekin       1774#01

 

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 

How the seals got

into the fields

 

The discarded stalks of the flax with

a bale seal still attached were highly

prized as fertilizer by local farmers

and they were spread on to the land

mixed in human & animal excrement.

 

 

.

 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Cum

+++

01

Cross quartered

+ shield with

-/-/-/- pellets

12K

GH

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Cum

+++

02

Cross quartered

+ shield with

5/5/5/5 pellets

CR

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Cum

+++

03

Cross quartered

+ shield with

4/4/-/- annulets

illegible

- -

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Cum
+++
04

Cross quartered
+ shield with
?/?/?/? pellets

WLT

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Cum
+++
05

Cross quartered
+ shield with
?/?/?/? pellets

- - -

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Cum
+++
06

Cross quartered
+ shield with
4/4/-/- annulets

CR
12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Cum
+++
07

Cross quartered
+ shield with
4/4/-/- annulets

CR
12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Cum
+++
08

Cross quartered
+ shield with
4/4/-/- annulets

CR
12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)
           

 

Lead Flax Bale Seals 1774

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Cum

1774

01

ДЛ = DL
TPEKIHЬ
TREKIN
H307

NP
IH12K
1773

307
post
(flax)
 
Lead Flax Bale Seals 1787

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Cum

1787

01

ЛД = LD

А.САВОСТИ.

(A.SAVOSTIN)

H25

NP
IGH9K
1787
(crescent)

25

post
(flax)
 
 
Lead Flax Bale Seals 1805

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Cum

1805

01

ЛД = LD

Д.KABEЛEBЬ

(D.KAVELEV)

H66

NP

??12H

1805

66

post
(flax)

Cum

1805

02

ЛД = LD

T.TOMИЛИHЬ

(T.TOMILIN)
H29

NP

CH12H

1805

29

post
(flax)

Cum

1805

03

ЛД = LD

И.BИHHИKOBЬ

(I.VINNIKOV)

H20

NP

?K12H

1805

20

post
(flax)

Cum

1805

04

ЛД = LD

C.ЗAИЦOBЬ

(S.ZAITSOV)

H19

NP

CH12K

1805

19

post
(flax)

Cum

1805

05

ЛД = LD

C.ЗAИЦOBЬ

(S.ZAITSOV)

H19

NP

IH12H

1805

19

post
(flax)

Cum

1805

06

ЛД = LD

Ф.CAMPOBЬ

(F.SAMROV)

H73

NP

IB12H

1805

73

post
(flax)

Cum

1805

07

ЛД = LD

C.BEPEBKИH

(S.VEREVKIN)

H3

NP

?K12H

1805

3

post
(flax)

Cum

1805

08

ЛД = LD

C.BAPЗOBЬ

S.VARZOV)

H14

NP

IH12H

1805

14

post
(flax)

Cum

1805

09

ЛД = LD

Ф.KOCTИHЬ

(F.KOSTIN)

H32

NP

AШ12H

1805

32

post
(flax)

Cum

1805

10

ЛД = LD

C.MИХAЛEB

(S.MIKHALEV)

H59

NP

AШ12H

1805

59

post
(flax)

Cum

1805

11

ЛД = LD

Л.ПOГAHKИHЬ

(L.POGANKIN)

H31

NP

??12?

1805

31

post
(flax)

Cum

1805

12

ЛД = LD

C.BAPЗOBЬ

S.VARZOV)

H14

NP

EC12H

1805

14

post
(flax)

Cum

1805

13

ЛД = LD
А.МОЛЧАНОВ
(A.MOLCHANOV)
H34

NP
ИФ12H
1805

34

post
(flax)
           
Lead Flax Bale Seals 1807

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Cum

1807

01

ЛД = LD
Я.ШИЛОВЬ
(Ya.SHILOV)
H51

NP

IS12H

1807

51

post
(flax)

 

 

 

 

 

 
Lead Flax Bale Seals 1810

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Cum

1810

01

ЛД = LD
И.ФИЛATOBЬ
(I.FILATOV)
H89

NP

HP12K

1810

89

post
(flax)

 

 

 

 

 

 
Lead Flax Bale Seals 1813

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Cum
1813
01

ЛД = LD
И.BИHAKУPOBЬ
(I.VINAKUROV)
H61

NP
ИБ12H
1813

61
post
(flax)

 

 

 

 

 

 
Lead Flax Bale Seals 1814

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Cum
1814
01

ЛД = LD
M.BEPEBKИHЬ
(M.VEREVKIN)
H9

NP
AГ12H
1814

9
post
(flax)

Cum
1814
02

ЛД = LD
M.BEPEBKИHЬ
(M.VEREVKIN)
H9

NP
AГ12H
1814

9
post
(flax)
           
 
 
 
Lead Flax Bale Seals 1817

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Cum

1817

01

ЛД = LD

T.ЛAPИOHOB

(T.LARIONOV)

H22

NP

CБ12K

1817

22

post
(flax)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Lead Flax Bale Seals 18??

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Cum

18??

01

ЛД = LD

M.CИMAHOBЬ
(M.SIMANOV)
H82

NP

??12?

18??

82

post
(flax)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Initials of Russian Growers/Owners/Agents for Cumbria
Initial Port Year Site # Inspector Post Grade -
?? Cum18??01 18?? Cumbria LD A.Kuchkov 22 ??12H NP (flax)
?? Cum180501 1805 Cumbria LD D.Kavelev 66 ??12H NP (flax)
?? Cum180511 1805 Cumbria LD L.Pogankin 31 ??12? NP (flax)
?K Cum180503 1805 Cumbria LD I.Vinnikov 20 ?K12H NP (flax)
?K Cum180507 1805 Cumbria LD S.Verevkin 3 ?K12H NP (flax)
AГ CUM 1814 01 1814 Cumbria LD M.Verevkin 9 AГ12H NP (flax)
AГ CUM 1814 02 1814 Cumbria LD M.Verevkin 9 AГ12H NP (flax)
AШ Cum180509 1805 Cumbria LD F.Kostin 32 AШ12H NP (flax)
AШ Cum180510 1805 Cumbria LD S.Mikhalev 59 AШ12H NP (flax)

CБ

Cum181701

1817

Cumbria

LD

T.Larionov

22

CБ12K

NP (flax)
CH Cum180502 1805 Cumbria LD T.Tomlin # CH12H NP (flax)

CH

Cum180504

1805

Cumbria

LD

 S.Zaitsov 19 CH12K NP (flax)

ДH

IDS442

1785

Cumbria

LD

  A.Babanov  70 ДH12H NP (flax)
EC Cum1805w12 1805 Cumbria LD S.Varzov 14 EC12H NP (flax)

HP

Cum181001

1810

Cumbria

LD

I.Filatov

89

HP12K

NP (flax)
IB Cum180506 1805 Cumbria LD F.Samrov 73 IB12H NP (flax)

IGH

Cum 178701

1787

Cumbria

LD

A.Savostin

25

IGH9K

NP (flax)
IH NP189508 1805 Cumbria LD S.Varzob 14 IH12H  NP (flax)

IH

NP180505

1805

Cumbria

LD

 S.Zaitsov 19 IH12H NP (flax)

IS

Cum180701

1807

Cumbria

LD

Ya.Shilov

51

IS12H

NP (flax)
ИБ Cum181301 1813 Cumbria LD I.Vinakurov 61 ИБ12H
NP (flax)

ИФ

Cum 1805 13

1805

Cumbria

LD

A.Molchanov

34

ИФ12H

NP (flax)

                 

 

Baltic States Quartered Cross Shields for Cumbria
?.? Cum+++03 - Cumbria - 4/4/-/- pellets - -  (flax)
?.? Cum+++05 - Cumbria - -/-/-/- pellets - -  (flax)
C.R Cum+++02 - Cumbria - 5/5/5/5 pellets - 12K  (flax)
C.R Cum+++06 - Cumbria - 4/4/-/- pellets - 12K  (flax)
C.R Cum+++07 - Cumbria - 4/4/-/- pellets - 12K  (flax)
C.R Cum+++08 - Cumbria - 4/4/-/- pellets - 12K  (flax)
G.H Cum+++01 - Cumbria - -/-/-/- pellets - 12K  (flax)
W.L.T Cum+++04 - Cumbria - -/-/-/5 pellets - 12K  (flax)
                 

 

 

 

A Short History of the Flax Mill

The small Galliot ships were able to sail up the shallow narrow river as far as the bridge with their bales of flax and then to unload them at a slate stone jetty the remnants of which can still be seen to the right of the photograph. (see below).     A flax mill and iron foundry were built higher up the river to take advantage of the mill race that powered the waterwheel.   Flax and iron were transported along the narrow Mill Lane to a  jetty at the bridge.   Another bridge built downstream in 1820 denied access to the jetty but rumour has it that the mill was destroyed in an explosion in the early 1800's which probably accounts for why only 13 seals were found at the site, 12 dated 1805 and an undated Baltic States Shield seal with a Cross .. circa 1800.   For reasons best known to themselves the Mill Owners deposited the seals high up in a field on the other side of the river ..   Two recently discovered seals dated 1810 & 1817 give hope of a new flax seal site.   The mill has been completely demolished and all that remains are a few low walls and the entrance to tunnels running under the site where the water was channelled to turn a water wheel which powered the mill.

     Project member Patricia Rowland has some more information about Penny bridge Mill as she is researching flax on the Cartmel Peninsula. In 1805 the owner of the mill was Thomas Pearson, a Quaker who had been in Partnership with his cousin Isaac Hall at Hill Mill, Cartmel. Thomas was bankrupt in 1808 and the mill etc were sold. Regarding Kay's ownership I have found a dispute about the patent of the machine he invented and a witness says Kay began operating at Penny Bridge about June 1825.   Ray, can you do a search around Hill Mill in conjunction with Patricia..?

 

 

In the18th century the estuary was full of wooden sailing ships landing at small jetties all along the coast - the best form of transport.

 Email from Richard Horrocks 

 Dear Ged, I have been reading with interest your work in identifying lead bale seals at the Penny Bridge Flax mill site. You indicate that you have little knowledge of the owners during its heyday. I am researching the flax spinning history of James Kay (who bought Turton Tower in 1835) and who is claimed by some to have revolutionised the spinning of flax following his 1824/5 invention of wet spinning. He owned three flax mills, Marsh Lane Mill, Preston, the one you are prospecting in Penny Bridge and one at Pendleton, Salford He became quite wealthy from his endeavours, and his refurbishment of Turton Tower to its current state during the 1835-1890 period is his family’s legacy.    I have little knowledge of the Penny Bridge mill but the dates on the lead seals you are finding are providing me with an interesting insight into the origins of the flax he was using. James Kay’s invention is cited in Irish linen histories as being responsible for the reinvigoration of the Irish linen industry during the mid-18th century period.  My guess is that Kay purchased and worked the Penny Bridge Mill during the 1800-1820 period, which fits well with the seal dates that you report, although the 1787-dated one suggests that the mill was spinning flax before Kay purchased it. Your information regarding the building of a new bridge downstream in 1820 is interesting in that this probably coincided with the demise of the mill (assisted by the reported explosion). This could also be a reason why Baines does not report the existence of a mill at Penny Bridge in his 1825 Lancashire history , although he reports the existence of 3 cotton and/or flax spinners in Ulverston. Kay’s Pendleton Mill appears to have been his main focus during the post 1820-30 period since it was located by the canal and subsequent railway, thus offering improved communications as well as it being closer to his subsequent purchase of Turton Tower.     I am giving a lecture on James Kay’s textile background at Turton Tower on Thursday 6th April at 1.30pm if you are interested – please contact Margaret Bragg (maggbragg@gmail.com) for more details if interested.
Regards Richard Horrocks

 

Relative Activity at the Mills according to Seal Dates 1776 -1838

 

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bentham Mills

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Aked's High Mill

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                   

 

                                            
                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                  Little Patrick Mill                                
                                                           

West House Mill

                                                        
                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                     
          Knaresborough                        Cumbria                                                                          
                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                                               
  76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38  

 

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