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The PeaceHavens Project

https://www.facebook.com/groups/PeaceHavensProject/

 

Bentham - Standard Seals
1796 - 1825 NP 

 

The purpose of this page is to show photos of every seal found at Bentham Mill. However with over 1400 seals found here it was deemed wise to split them up into small sections to prevent overloading of your computer system. All of the flax seals follow the standard NP designation with a tax paid to the Russian State via the Customs House in Narva. But there are SPB hemp seals, mainly in 1818 when the Napoleonic Wars made it difficult to get supplies of flax from the Baltic States and the mill used anything they could get their hands on, with flax and hemp probably coming from Liverpool. This would explain the single WK designated (Wilma Krown) seal (1818 002) not usually used by the mill.
The Standard seals are where we start encountering female inspectors.

 

LINKS TO BENTHAM COLLECTION IN LANCASTER MARITIME MUSEUM

 

   Deciphering NP Flax Seals 1754 - 1828 .. 

  NP was the state tax used for all flax seals before 1829 by all ports.

obverse

ЛД
Ф:КОC
ТИНЬ
H32

 ЛД = LD = L'nyanoy Dosmotr = Flax Inspector
 Ф:КОC = F:KOS (first part of the name).
 ТИНЬ = TIN (second part of the name).

 total name F.KOSTIN (Ь is end of name).

  H32 = N32 = the post number 32.

 reverse

NP

AP12H

1799

 NP = Used for flax until 1829 by all ports.

 AP = initials of the previous Grower/Owner/Agent

 12H = 12 flax heads in a bale. (This could be 6H,

 9H or 12H  .. also 6K, 9K, 12K would be best

 quality K (kron) Crown grade heads in the bale.

 1799 = date of inspection, grading or "brack".

 

 H (HEAD) ia a unit of measure for flax consisting of '12 'stricks' (strikes) each of about ten handfuls tied up into a bunch called a bobbin. According to Randle Holme, 12 of these bunches would make a Kirtle, hence Kirtle flax however, the Dictionary Archive suggest that the number of stricks in a head was not fixed, we have 6 and 9 Heads. It was also not used exclusively with flax. Hemp was also measured by the head, but possibly in smaller units, since '3 head' and '2 head' hemp have been noted... and H was also a Head with "головкa" ("шкурки" - "animal skins" in the context "best fur" so by the same token 12H (12 heads) can be thought of as 12 best flax and 12K being 12 heads of the even better high grade long fibre Krown quality flax.

 

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 The NP Narva Port Conundrum solved

 

 NP on the reverse of seals was always considered to indicate that the seal originated in Port Narva. It doesn't. NP in the top line on the reverse of seal means that a tax has been paid to the Russian State via Narva Customs House. It could have been shipped from any Baltic Port or inspection post. There is another NP on the reverse of SPB seals dated after 1829.

The NP in the 2nd line of the reverse on SPB seals is a grade number.

NP.2 is number grade 2 in Latin.  HoП.2 is number grade 2 in Cyrillic.

 The proof of this lies in the twin 1831 Davidov seals found at Bentham

  SPB 1831 S01                          CПБ 1831 C09

  

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 

The PeaceHavens Collection

1796 -  1825 NP

The 1408 seals found at High Bentham Mill in North Yorkshire
were transported to Bentham via St George's Quay in Lancaster.

 Every bale of flax and hemp stems was fastened together with a lead seal by a quality inspector in Russia before shipping by sailing ship to Lancaster Docks. After processing the discarded stems of the flax and hemp with seals still attached were prized as fertilizer by local farmers and were spread onto the land mixed with night soil manure where they remain to be found even until today. In the 1830's, the sailcloth industry began to decline in Bentham, and the mills went on to producing of finer yarns like silk, by wet spinning, and the making of flexible fire hoses.

 

1796

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

NP

1796

001

ЛД = LD

И:ШИПAЧEBЬ

(I.SHIPACHEV)

H6

NP

Nθ12H

1796

6

post
(flax)
Found on the south side of the river and is not related to the mill.
1803

NP

1803

001

ЛД = LD

M:ПИKИHЬ

(M.PIKIN)

H35

NP

BK12H

1803

35

post
(flax)

 

 

 

 

 

 

1812

NP

1812

H01

ПД = PD

H:CEЛИHЬ

(N.SELIN)

H1

SPB
IK:IH
1812

1
post
 (hemp)

 

1818

  The Napoleonic Wars raised both demand and price of flax in the 1790s, but at the same time made the Baltic trade in raw materials more difficult.  The Tonnage of shipping from the Baltic to Lancaster was falling back in the late 1790s, while from 1808 to 1813 no ships entered the port at all. Some flax and hemp was brought in probably from Liverpool to fill the gap during 1818.

NP

1818

001

ЛД = LD

E.ЛOГИHOB

(E.LOGINOV)

H120

NP

AK12H

 1818

120

post
(flax)
12H is 12 acceptable quality heads of flax

NP

1818

002

ЛД = LD

L.KOПTEBЬ

(L.KOPTEV)

H91

WK

GE12K

1818

 91

post
(krown flax)
WK is a Wilma Krown high grade long fibre flax seal

NP

1818

003

ПД = PD

A.ЧУPAKOBЬ

(A.CHURAKOV)

H75

SPB

?WPH

1818

75

post

(pass hemp)
PH = Pass Hemp was 3rd quality Russian hemp, inferior to Outshot hemp,

NP

1818

004

ПД = PD

И.PAЗУMИХИH

(I.RAZUMIKHIN)

H175

SPB

AЧPH

1818

175

post

(pass hemp)

NP

1818

005

ПД = PD

И.PAЗУMИХИH

(I.RAZUMIKHIN)

H175

SPB

CHPH

1818

175

post

(pass hemp)

NP
1818
006

ПД =PD

И.ШEPAПOBЬ

(I.SHERAPOV)

H31?

SPB

EKPH

1818

31

post

(pass hemp)

NP

1818

007

ЛД = LD

П.ШИЛOBЬ

(P.SHILOV)

H97

NP

ER12H

1818

97

post
(flax)

NP

1818

008

  ЛД = LD

Л.ПOГAHKИHЬ

(L.POGANKIN)

H27

NP

FW12H

1818

27

post
(flax)

NP

1818

009

ЛД = LD

И.CИKABИH

(I.SIKAVIN)

H101

NP

ИФ12H

1818

101

post
(flax)

NP
1818
010

ЛД = LD

C.COЛOУXИ

(S.SOLOUKHI)

H45

NP

ICБ12H

1818

45

post
(flax)

1819

NP

1819

001

ЛД = LD

K.MERKУЛOBЬ

(K.MERKULOV)

H28

NP

E?12K

1819

28

post
(krown flax)

NP

1819

002

ЛД = LD

A.ЧEPHИKOB

(A.CHERNIKOV)

H96

NP

AБ12H

1819

96

post
(flax)

NP

1819

003

  ЛД = LD

E.KOЗЛOBЬ

(E.KOZLOV)

H65

NP

OP12H

1819

65

post
(flax)

 

 

 

 

 

 

1822

NP

1822

001

ЛД = LD

Д.BOPOБЬEBЬ

(D.VOROB'EV)

H72

NP

ER9H

1822

72

post
(flax)

NP

1822

002

ЛД = LD

ИM:EPEMEEBЬ

(IM.EREMEEV)

H41

NP

IMБ9H

 1822

 41

post
(flax)

NP
1822
003

ЛД = LD
ИM:EPEMEEBЬ
(IM.EREMEEV)
H41

NP
IMБ9H
1822

41
post
(flax)
           

SPB 1824

SPB

1824

S01

ПД = PD

K.ГOPБУHOB

(K.GORBUNOV)

N195

SPB

AШPH

1824

195

post

(pass hemp)
           

1824

NP
1824
001

ЛД = LD

Н.БАЛАШЕВ

(N.BALASHEV)

H3

NP

WH12H

1825

3

post
(flax)
           

1825

NP
1825
001

ЛД = LD

C.ДAPAФEE

(S.DARAFEE)

H124

NP

WH12H

1825

124

post
(flax)

NP
1825
002

ЛД = LD

C.COЛOУXИ

(S.SOLOUKHI)

H45

NP

IB12H

1825

45

post
(flax)

NP
1825
003

ЛД = LD

 П.ФИЛATOBЬ

(P.FILATOV)

H89

NP

AБ12H

1825

89

post
(flax)

NP
1825
004

ЛД = LD

K.ПOЗHEKOB

(K.POZNEKOV)

H 20

NP

DCX12H

 1825

20

post
(flax)

NP
1825
005

 ЛД = LD

Ф.ЗAИЦOBЬ

(F.ZAITSOV)

H12

NP

?П12H

1825

12

post
(flax)

NP
1825
006

ЛД = LD
C.ГУPOBЬ
(S.GUROV)
H30

NP

ДCX12H

 1825

30

post
(flax)

NP
1825
007

 ЛД = LD

Ф.ЗAИЦOBЬ

(F.ZAITSOV)

H12

NP

IS12H

1825

12

post
(flax)

NP
1825
008

ЛД = LD

A.CAPЬIHИH

(A.SARYNIN)

H71

NP

ER12H

1825

71

post
(flax)

NP
1825
009

ЛД = LD

I.MECHИKOB

(I.MESNIKOV)

H118

----

HФ12H

1825

118

post
(flax)

NP
1825
010

?

----

?H12H 

1825

??

post
(flax)

NP
1825
011

ЛД = LD

K.ПOЗHEKOB

(K.POZNEKOV)

H 20

NP

DCX12H

 1825

20

post
(flax)

NP
1825
012

  ЛД = LD

T.PAДИHЬ

(T.RADIN)

N35

NP

CGF12H

1825

N35

post
(flax)

NP
1825
013

ЛД = LD

C.ГУPOBЬ

(S.GUROV)

H30

NP

HШ12H

 1825

30

post
(flax)

NP
1825
014

ЛД = LD

И.Я.ЛУЧHИKOB

(I.Ya.LUCHNIKOV)

H67

NP

??12H

 1825

67

post
(flax)

NP
1825
015

   ЛД = LD

T.PAДИHЬ

(T.RADIN)

N35

NP

CGF12H

 1825

N35

post
(flax)

NP
1825
016

ЛД = LD

B.KУЧИHЬ

(V.KUCHIN)

H73

NP

MC12H

1825

13

post
(flax)

NP
1825
017

   ЛД = LD

T.PAДИHЬ

(T.RADIN)

N35

NP

CGF12H

1825

N35

post
(flax)

NP
1825
018

ЛД = LD

И.ГУPOBЬ

(I.GUROV)

H36

NP

ER12H

 1825

36

post
(flax)

NP
1825
019

ЛД = LD

C.ГУPOBЬ

(S.GUROV)

H30

NP

HШ12H

 1825

30

post
(flax)

NP
1825
020

ЛД = LD

C.ГУPOBЬ

(S.GUROV)

H30

NP

ДCX12H

 1825

30

post
(flax)

NP
1825
021

ЛД = LD

A.CAPЬIHИH

(A.SARYNIN)

H71

NP

IГ12H

1825

71

post
(flax)

NP
1825
022

   ЛД = LD

T.PAДИHЬ

(T.RADIN)

N35

NP

CGF12H

1825

N35

post
(flax)

NP
1825
023

  ЛД = LD

П.ЛEБEДEBЪ 

(P.LEBEDEV)

H75

NP

IГ12H

1825

75

post
(flax)

NP
1825
024

ЛД = LD

C.ДAPAФEE

(S.DARAFEE)

H124

NP

WH12H

1825

124

post
(flax)

NP
1825
025

ЛД = LD

K.HEБЛOBЬ

(K.NEBLOV)

???

NP

?H12H

1825

 --

post
(flax)

NP
1825
026

ЛД = LD

 П.ФИЛATOBЬ

(P.FILATOV)

H89

NP

?P12K

1825

89

post
(flax)

NP
1825
027

ЛД = LD

C.ДAPAФEE

(S.DARAFEE)

H124

NP

WH12H

1825

 124

post
(flax)

NP
1825
028

ЛД = LD

 П.ФИЛATOBЬ

(P.FILATOV)

H89

NP

CGF12H

1825

89

post
(flax)

NP
1825
029

ЛД = LD

T.PAДИHЬ

(T.RADIN)

N35

??

AK12H

1825

N35

post
(flax)

with hole

NP
1825
030

ЛД = LD

B.KУЧИHЬ

(V.KUCHIN)

H73

NP

MC12H

1825

73

post
(flax)

NP
1825
031

ЛД = LD

B.KУЧИHЬ

(V.KUCHIN)

H73

NP

MC12H

1825

73

post
(flax)

NP
1825
032

ЛД = LD

П.ФIIЛATOBЬ

(P.FILATOV)

H89

NP

CGF12H

1825

89

post
(flax)

NP
1825
0033

ЛД = LD

C.ГУPOBЬ

(S.GUROV)

H30

NP

ДCX12H

 1825

30

post
(flax)

NP
1825
034

ЛД = LD

C.ГУPOBЬ

(S.GUROV)

H30

NP

ДCX12H

 1825

30

post
(flax)

NP
1825
035

ЛД = LD

A.CAPЬIHИH

(A.SARYNIN)

H71

NP

ER12H

1825

71

post
(flax)

NP
1825
036

ЛД = LD

C.ГУPOBЬ

(S.GUROV)

H30

NP

HШ12H

 1825

30

post
(flax)

NP
1825
037

ЛД = LD

 П.ФIIЛATOBЬ

(P.FILATOV)

H89

NP

CGF12K

1825

89

post
(krown flax)

NP
1825
038

ЛД = LD

K.ЗAИЦOBЬ

(K.ZAITSOV)

H47

NP

TL12K

 1825

47

post
(krown flax)

NP
1825
039

ЛД = LD

B.KУЧИHЬ

(V.KUCHIN)

H73

NP

MC12H

1825

73

post
(flax)

NP
1825
040

ЛД = LD

A.ГУPOBЬ

(A.GUROV)

H52

NP

CGF12H

1825

52

post
(flax)

NP
1825
041

ЛД = LD
Я.Д.CAHИHЬ
(YA.D.SANIN)
H10

NP

IP12H

1825

10

post
(flax)

NP
1825
042

ЛД = LD

C.COЛOУXИ

(S.SOLOUKHI)

H45

NP

IB12H

1825

45

post
(flax)

NP
1825
043

ЛД = LD

M.KOCTИHЬ

(M.KOSTIN)

H 39

NP

IC12H

1825

39

post
(flax)

NP
1825
044

ЛД = LD

П.HABЬHCKOИ

(P.NAV'NSKOI)

H13

NP

HФ12H

1825

13

post
(flax)

NP
1825
045

ЛД = LD

П.MECHИKOB

(P.MESNIKOV)

H118

NP

HФ12H

1825

118

post
(flax)

NP
1825
046

ЛД = LD

C.ГУPOBЬ

(S.GUROV)

H30

NP

HШ12H

 1825

30

post
(flax)

NP
1825
047

ЛД = LD

KAЛAШHИKOB

(KALASHNIKOV)

H74

NP

AБ12H

1825

74

post
(flax)

NP
1825
048

ЛД = LD

B.KУЧИH

(V.KUCHIN)

H73

NP

MC12H

1825

73

post
(flax)

NP
1825
0049

ЛД = LD

T.PAДИHЬ

(T.RADIN)

H35

NP

CGF12H

1825

35

post
(flax)

NP
1825
050

ЛД = LD

C.ГУPOBЬ

(S.GUROV)

H30

NP

ДCX12H

 1825

30

post
(flax)

NP
1825
051

ЛД = LD

A.ГУPOBЬ

(A.GUROV)

H52

NP

CGF12H

1825

52

post
(flax)

NP
1825
052

ЛД = LD

A.CAPЫHИH

(A.SARYNIN)

H71

NP

CБ12H

 1825

71

post
(flax)

NP
1825
053

ЛД = LD

И.ГУPOBЬ

(I.GUROV)

H36

NP

CБ12H

 1825

36

post
(flax)

NP
1825
054

ЛД = LD

A.ГУPOBЬ

(A.GUROV)

H52

NP

CGF12H

1825

52

post
(flax)

NP
1825
055

ЛД = LD

Д.BOPOБЬEBЬ

(D.VOROB'EV)

H72

NP

ГБ12H

1825

72

post
(flax)

NP
1825
056

ЛД = LD

A.ЧEPHИKOB

(A.CHERNIKOV)

H96

NP

IГ12H

1825

96

post
(flax)

NP
1825
057

ЛД = LD

A.ЧEPHИKOB

(A.CHERNIKOV)

H96

NP

IГ12H

1825

96

post
(flax)

NP
1825
058

ЛД = LD

C.ГУPOBЬ

(S.GUROV)

H30

NP

ДCX12H

 1825

30

post
 (flax)

NP
1825
059

ЛД = LD

C.ДAPAФEE

(S.DARAFEE)

H124

NP
WH12H
 1825

124
post
(flax)

NP
1825
060

ЛД = LD

T.PAДИHЬ

(T.RADIN)

H35

NP

CGF12H

1825

35

post
(flax)

NP
1825
061

Л Д = LD

T.PAДИHЬ

(T.RADIN)

H35

NP

CGF12H

1825

35

post
(flax)

NP

1825

062

ЛД = LD

K.ПOЗHEKOB

(K.POZNEKOV)

H20

NP

ДCX12H

 1825

20

post
(flax)

NP

1825

063

ЛД = LD

K.ПOЗHEKOB

(K.POZNEKOV)

H20

NP

ДCX12H

 1825

20

post
(flax)

NP

1825

064

ЛД = LD

A.CAPЬIHИH

(A.SARYNIN)

H71

NP

ICБ12H

182?

71

post
(flax)

NP

1825

065

ЛД = LD

 П.ФИЛATOBЬ

(P.FILATOV)

H89

NP

CGF12H

 1825

95

post
(flax)
 

182? may be 1824/25/26/27/28

NP

182?

001

ЛД = LD

C.ДAPAФEE

(S.DARAFEE)

H124

NP

WH12H

1825

124

post
(flax)

NP

182?

002

  ЛД = LD

П.ЛEБEДEBЪ 

(P.LEBEDEV)

H75

NP

CH12H

182?

75

post
(flax)

NP

182?

003

ЛД = LD

Я.ГPУДИHИ

(YA.GRUDINI)

H 111

NP

?B12?

182?

111

post
(flax)

NP

182?

004

ЛД = LD

C.ДAPAФEE

(S.DARAFEE)

H124

NP

?H12H

182?

124

post
(flax)

NP

182?

005

ЛД = LD

K.ПOЗHEKOB

(K.POZNEKOV)

H20

NP

DCX12H

 1825

20

post
(flax)

NP

182?

006

ЛД = LD

A.CAPЬIHИH

(A.SARYNIN)

H71

NP

ICБ12H

182?

71

post
(flax)

NP

182?

007

ЛД = LD

K.ПOЗHEKOB

(K.POZNEKOV)

H20

NP

DCX12H

 1825

20

post
(flax)

NP

182?

008

ЛД = LD

Л.BOЛKOBЬ

(L.VOLKOV)

H105

NP

??K12H

182?

105

post
(flax)

NP

182?

009

ЛД = LD

Д.BAГДAHOBA

(D.VAGDANOVA)

N136

NP

?BK12H

 182?

136

post
(flax)

female

The addition of a letter A to the end of a name usually signifies a female gender. however it could mean "belonging to inspector Vagdanov"

NP

182?

010

 ЛД = LD

C.ЗAИЦOBЬ

(S.ZAITSOV)

H19

NP

?K12H

182?

19

post
(flax)

NP

182?

011

ЛД = LD

П.ЩEPБAKOBЪ

(P.SHCHERBAKOV)

N3

NP

ER12H

182?

N3

post
(flax)

NP

182?

012

ЛД = LD

K.БAЧEPOBЬ

(K.BACHEROV)

H109

NP

ER12H

182?

109

post
(flax)

NP

182?

013

ЛД = LD

 E.MAPTИHOB

 (E.MARTINOV)

H63

NP

ER12H

182?

63

post
(flax)

NP

182?

014

ЛД = LD

 И.MИЛOTPИKOB

 (I.MILOTRIKOV)

H--

NP

MC12H

182?

--

post
(flax)

NP

182?

015

ЛД = LD

E.ДEMЯHOBЬ

(E.DEMYANOV)

H70

NP

MC12H

182?

70

post
(flax)

NP

182?

016

ЛД = LD

И.KЛAДУXИH

(I.KLADUKHIN)

H 122

NP

??12H

1822

122

post
(flax)

NP

182?

017

ЛД = LD

A.KУЧKOBЬ

(A.KUCHKOV)

H62

NP

CGF12H

182?

62

post
(flax)

NP

182?

018

ЛД = LD

T.ЧУПЯTOBЬ

(T.CHUPYATOV)

H107

NP

FW12H

18??

107

post
(flax)

NP

182?

019

ЛД = LD

И.KУДPЯEBЬ

(I.KUDRYAEV)

H1

NP

ПЧ12H

182?

1

post
(flax)

NP

182?

020

ЛД = LD

C.ДAPAФEE

(S.DARAFEE)

H124

NP

FW12H

18??

124

post
(flax)

NP

182?

021

   ЛД = LD

M.CИMAHOBЬ

(M.SIMANOV)

H82

NP

MC12H

182?

82

post
(flax)

NP

182?

022

ЛД = LD

Л.BOЛKOBЬ

(L.VOLKOV)

H105

NP

IMБ12H

182?

105

post
(flax)

NP

182?

023

ЛД = LD

H.BИHOГPAД

(N.VINOGRAD)

H110

NP

HШ12H

182?

110

post
(flax)

NP

182?

024

ЛД = LD

B.CAФPOHOBЬ

(V.SAFRONOV)

H130

NP
TL12H
182?

130

post
(flax)

NP

182?

025

ЛД = LD

K.COБИHИBA

(K.SOBINIVA)

H54

NP
MC12H
182?

54
post
(flax)
 female

The addition of a letter A to the end of a name usually signifies a female gender however it could mean "belonging to inspector Sobinov"

NP

182?

026

ЛД = LD

 A.HEMIЛOBЬ

 (A.NEMILOV)

N94

NP

IB12H

1826

94

post
(flax)

NP

182?

027

ЛД = LD
Л.BOЛKOBЬ
(L.VOLKOV)
H105

NP
IB12?
182?

105

post
(flax)

NP

182?

028

ЛД = LD
C.EPOХИHЪ
(S.EROKHIN)
H49

NP

MC9H

182?

49

post
(flax)
           
           

 

 

 

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